Introduction

Aging, Systemic Disease and Oral Health: Implications for Women Worldwide (Part II) explores emerging research on the unique interactions between systemic disease, aging, and oral health in women. This module focuses on current studies related to women and stroke, rheumatoid disease, depression, and the lasting effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic. Women continue to experience disproportionate outcomes in prevention, diagnosis, disease prevalence and incidence, and response to treatment. Cultural influences, educational disparities, and, most significantly, limited access to comprehensive health care contribute to an increased risk of adverse disease outcomes for many women around the world. Greater knowledge of disease symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies empowers oral health care professionals to provide more informed, patient‑centered care. From preventive interventions to treatment planning, the selection of appropriate medications, and the navigation of available resources, dental professionals face an ongoing challenge to stay current with the evolving medical needs of women across the lifespan—particularly during their adult and later years.